Reviews biological control against parthenium weed in australia rachel cruttwell mcfadyen alan fletcher research station, po box 36, sherwood, queensland, australia 4075 abstract keywords parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herbaceous plant native to the tropical americas, which is widely adventitious and now occurs in east africa, parts of asia and australia. First insect agents evaluated for the biological control. Distribution of parthenium hysterophorus and one of its. First report of biological control of parthenium hysterophorus by zygogramma bicolorata in pakistan. Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, asteraceae. Status of biological control of parthenium hysterophorus l.
Eight species of exotic insects have been introduced into australia for the biological control of parthenium weed, of which at least six species are known to be. Cabi scientists, as part of an international team of researchers, have discovered a new biological control in the fight against the highly noxious and invasive weed parthenium parthenium. This weed has reduced the yield of grasses and crops. This fungus is now being evaluated for development as a mycoherbicide. Complementing biological control with plant suppression. Parthenium hysterophorus, zygogramma bicolorata, biological control, first report, pakistan. International workshop on biological control and management. Retief2 1agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x6006, hilton, 3245 south africa 2agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x5017, stellenbosch. Part of virginia polytechnic institute and state university. Asteraceae by cassia uniflora mill leguminosae, in.
Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. Panorama and plain creek in queensland, australia, revealed that classical biological control had a significant negative effect on the target weed, but. Uredospore suspensions from 3week old pustules of the rust have been applied to the foliage of parthenium and a consistent control effect has been achieved. The potential of pathogens as biological control of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Pdf complementing biological control with plant suppression. Management of this weed in nepal has been limited, mainly because of the lack of geo. Pdf biological control of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus. Interference by the weed parthenium hysterophorus l. There are currently a number of insect species and two rust pathogens that have been introduced to control parthenium a selection of these are outlined below. Scientists report new biological control for noxious parthenium weed in pakistan 4 march 2020 scientist examines parthenium weed. Parthenium, conduct host specificity test, and field release. Implications for improved management of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l.
Reviewarticle effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Biological control biological control of parthenium weed has been investigated in australia for more than 20 years. A biological control programme involving the introduction of insects from the. Parthenium department of agriculture and fisheries. Parthenium advice and information nearly 52% of farmers reported receiving information about parthenium, mainly from extension agents, fellow farmers, television and printed material. Asteraceae parthenium, has been a major weed of global significance for several decades, with wideranging impacts on agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and human and animal health. Investigation of pathogens for biological control of. Despite its aggressiveness, parthenium is successfully managed in australia and india using biological control agents, such as insects, pathogens, and competitive smother plant species.
To control an insect pest comes from nan fang cao mu zhuang plants of the southern region by. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Eleven biological control agents nine insect species and two rust pathogens have been released against parthenium in australia. Evaluation using pesticide exclusion at two sites mt.
Despite this, in 2003, south africa became the first african country and only the third country worldwide to implement a biological control. Successful management of this weed can only be achieved by an integrated approach with biological control as the key element. See the parthenium fact sheet pdf, 351kb for herbicide control and application rates. Controlling parthenium in cropland requires selective herbicide use andor crop rotations.
Biological control has resulted in significant reductions in the abundance and impact of parthenium in australia. Initiation of biological control against parthenium. As outlined in a new paper published in the journal bioinvasions records, the scientists report the first record of the rust species puccinia abrupta var. As a result, the area infested with parthenium in central queensland has declined since the mid1990s. Common names include santamaria, santa maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium. Biological control of parthenium using these two bioagents and others have been successful in reducing the damage caused by this weed in australia and india. Sl5 7ta, uk abstract the neotropical composite, parthenium hysterophorus, has achieved major weed status in india and australia within the past few decades. Queensland has led attempts to achieve biological control of parthenium since it first began foreign exploration in 1977. Jun 14, 2019 biological control of parthenium hysterophorus, an invasive weed, using zygoramma bicolorata, a leaf eating beetle. Review biological control against parthenium weed in australia. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a native of northeast mexico and is endemic in america. Biological control of parthenium using these two bioagents and others have been successful in reducing the damage caused by.
Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Under the biological control programme, host specific bio agents from the native home of the weed are imported into other countries, where the weed had entered and. Biological control of parthenium extensive surveys of the natural enemies associated with parthenium were undertaken in north and south america, and in the caribbean, from. Asim hafeez cabi scientists, as part of an international. Biological control of parthenium in australia commenced in 1977 and since then nine insect species and two rust fungi have been. Parthenium is a weed of national significance in australia.
Biological control against parthenium weed in australia. Updates from biological control of the invasive weed parthenium hysterophorus in east africa project large tracts of farmland and pastur es in the whole of eastern afri ca including ethiopia are infested by the invasive weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus. Aug 01, 2011 the annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l. Oct 11, 2019 management of this weed in nepal has been limited, mainly because of the lack of geo. Factsheet parthenium hysterophorus parthenium weed. Parthenium is mainly a weed of waste and fallow land, hence, biological control is the most economical and practical way to keep the weed under check. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herbaceous plant native to the tropical. Pdf first report of biological control of parthenium.
Biological control of parthenium hysterophorus, an invasive. Biological control efforts on parthenium hysterophorus l. It is a common invasive species in india, australia, and parts of africa. Taye t, gossmann m, einhorn g, buttner c, metz r, abate d, 2002. Randall and mandy tu biological control biocontrol for short is the use of animals, fungi, or other microbes to feed upon, parasitize or otherwise interfere with a targeted pest species. Cabi scientists, as part of an international team of researchers, have discovered a new biological control in the fight against the highly noxious and invasive weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus in pakistan. Parthenium hysterophorus parthenium weed scientific name.
Significant increase in grass production due to biological control was observed, but only in 1 of 4 yr at mt. Nine insect species and two rusts have been released. Native surveys revealed a large number of insects, but none of them was host specific. Control of parthenium has been tried by various methods, but no single management option would be adequate to manage parthenium, and there is a need to integrate various management options. Eight species of exotic insects have been introduced into australia for the biological control of parthenium weed, of which at least six species are known to be established. Grass production declined with the increase in parthenium biomass.
Assist uganda, kenya and tanzania in biological control of parthenium through awarenessraising, strategic planning, and initiation of mitigation activities h. Biological control is one tool that forms part of an integrated management program for largescale scattered and dense infestations. In this study, i quantified the effects of biological control of parthenium on grass production. Biological control of parthenium, a major weed in grazing areas in australia, was initiated in the mid 1970s. Evaluate efficacy of released natural enemies and their nontarget effects. A weed of global significance manpreetkaur,neerajkumaraggarwal,vikaskumar,andromikadhiman kurukshetrauniversity,kurukshetra,haryana6119,india. This project will build on two previous ipm innovation lab funded parthenium projects to abate spread and impact of this weed in east africa. Biological control the combined effects of biological control agents reduced the density and vigour of parthenium and increased grass production. Term biological pest control first used by harry scott smith at the 1919 meeting of the american association of economic entomologists at california the first report of the use of an insect sp. University that has been developing control practices to abate these adverse impacts.
Evans international institute of biological control, silwood park, ascot, berks. Biological control of parthenium, a major weed in grazing areas in australia, was. Session 1 prerelease testing of weed biological control agents first insect agents evaluated for the biological control of parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae in south africa l. It is a health hazard to sensitized humans and cattle and the routine weed control methods have failed to check its.
Your use of this pdf, the bioone web site, and all posted and associated content. The majority of these agents have become established and have proven effective against the weed in central qld. There are currently a number of insect species and two rust pathogens that have been introduced to control partheniuma selection of these are outlined below. South africa has applied for release of agents and trials are ongoing in ethiopia. Initiation of biological control against parthenium hysterophorus l. Harmful and beneficial aspects of parthenium hysterophorus. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological. First insect agents evaluated for the biological control of. Aug 31, 2017 zygogramma defoliated parthenium without touching bean and teff, showing it only attacks the weed and it is safe to other plants. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a. Investigation of pathogens for biological control of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus l in ethiopia. Fungal pathogens of the weed hold promise for classical as well as microherbicidal control. Contact the weed management branch immediately to report parthenium weed and for advice on 08 8999 4567.
Biological control of the invasive weed parthenium. A combined approach for the management of parthenium weed using biological control and plant suppression, was tested under field conditions over a twoyear period in southern central queensland. Asteraceae in india have gained momentum after the limitations of other methods were realized. Parthenium advice and information nearly 52% of farmers reported receiving information about parthenium, mainly from extension agents, fellow. Since then, nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been introduced. Parthenium also known as carrot grass, congress grass, white top, chatak chandni etc. Biological control of the weed is the only costeffective, environmentally safe and ecologically viable method available. Further information weed management officers from the weed management branch can provide advice on all aspects of weed management including control techniques, biological control, legislative responsibilities, policy advice. This project has evaluated the host range of two bioagents that control the weed, conducted a detailed survey of parthenium in eastern and southern africa, and trained several individuals on biological control. Biological control of parthenium hysterophorus, an invasive weed, using zygoramma bicolorata, a leaf eating beetle. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus.
Biological control of parthenium in australia commenced in 1977 and since. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in. The concept of biological control for the management of parthenium is still a largely alien concept to the majority of farmers in pakistan. Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia 2department of plant science, ethiopia submission. Pdf parthenium is a weed of national significance in australia. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium.
Biological control potential of parthenium hysterophorus. In india, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or gajar ghans. The annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l. Agents have been released in australia and parts of asia with some success. The use of parthenium phyllody mlo as a biocontrol agent requires. Scientists report new biological control for noxious. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and. For further information on parthenium control in crops consult your local agronomist or local government officer. Biological control is an environmentally sound and effective means of reducing or mitigating pests and pest effects through the use of natural enemies. Zygogramma defoliated parthenium without touching bean and teff, showing it only attacks the weed and it is safe to other plants. Biological control seldom means complete eradication of the unwanted organism, but rather maintaining its population at lower than average that would occur in the absence of the bio control agent. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus weed management.
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